Emotion · 2005 · 167 citations · 66 references
NursingNeurosciencePsychologyAffective NeuroscienceCognitive NeurosciencePsychophysiologyAnxiety AssessmentAnxiety SymptomsCoping StrategiesRelaxation TechniquesAnxiety-cognition InteractionHeart RateHeart Rate ReactivityPsychophysiological MechanismsPsychophysiological Responses To AnxietyPublic AnxietySkin Conductance LevelSkin Conductance Measurement
To study the psychophysiological correlates of worrying, the authors recorded heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), skin conductance level, and alpha electroencephalographic asymmetry in healthy males during baseline, relaxation, worry induction, and anticipation of an impromptu speech task. Compared with baseline, relaxation, and anticipation, worrying was associated with greater heart rate and lower RSA. Worrying was further characterized by higher skin conductance levels compared with baseline but lower levels than during anticipation. Finally, worrying was associated with relatively greater left frontal activity compared with anticipation. Trait public speaking anxiety was positively correlated with left frontal activity during worrying. These results support the notion that worrying is a unique emotional state that is different from fearful anticipation.
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An Inventory for Measuring Depression
Aaron T. Beck · Archives of General Psychiatry · 1961 · 38.2K citations
The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
R. C. Oldfield · Neuropsychologia · 1971 · 36.7K citations