Burden of Migraine in the United States

TLDR

Migraine is a common disabling disease whose economic burden has not been adequately quantified. The study aims to quantify the disability and economic burden of migraine in the United States. Using published data, the Baltimore County Migraine Study, MEDSTAT's MarketScan claims, Census and BLS statistics, the authors estimated disability as bedridden days and costs via direct treatment charges and a human‑capital approach to indirect costs. Migraine results in 112 million bedridden days annually, imposes about $13 billion in employer costs—$8 billion from missed workdays—and generates roughly $1 billion in direct medical expenses, with 60 % of costs from physician office visits and less than 1 % from emergency departments, while patients aged 30‑49 incur higher indirect costs.

Abstract

Migraine is a common disabling disease but its economic burden has not been adequately quantified.To estimate the burden of migraine in the United States with respect to disability and economic costs.The following data sources were used: published data, the Baltimore County Migraine Study, MEDSTAT's MarketScan medical claims data set, and statistics from the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Disability was expressed as bedridden days. Charges for migraine-related treatment were used as direct cost inputs. The human capital approach was used in the estimation of indirect costs.Migraineurs required 3.8 bed rest days for men and 5.6 days for women each year, resulting in a total of 112 million bedridden days. Migraine costs American employers about $13 billion a year because of missed workdays and impaired work function; close to $8 billion was directly due to missed workdays. Patients of both sexes aged 30 to 49 years incurred higher indirect costs compared with younger or older employed patients. Annual direct medical costs for migraine care were about $1 billion and about $100 was spent per diagnosed patient. Physician office visits accounted for about 60% of all costs; in contrast, emergency department visits contributed less than 1% of the direct costs.The economic burden of migraine predominantly falls on patients and their employers in the form of bedridden days and lost productivity. Various screening and treatment regimens should be evaluated to identify opportunities to reduce the disease burden.