Training in Europe

TLDR

The study investigates gender differences in work‑related training participation across EU countries using decomposition analysis. Using six waves of the European Community Household Panel, the authors analyze training determinants by examining lifelong learning access, contract type, work status, sector, education, and pre‑training wage position. Women are as likely as men to undertake training overall, and in four countries even more likely, with gender gaps explained by differing characteristic effects; training shows no age trend for women but a strong negative trend for men, a negative link with fixed‑term contracts (especially for men), and positive links with public sector employment, higher education, and higher pre‑training wages for both sexes.

Abstract

Using the first six waves of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP), a largescale comparative survey collected annually since 1994, we establish some stylised facts about the extent and determinants of work-related training in European Union (EU) countries. We investigate gender differences within and across EU countries in training participation, using decomposition analysis. We focus on: access to “lifelong learning”, fixed-term contracts, part-time versus full-time work, public/private sector affiliation, educational attainment, and the individual’s position in the wage distribution prior to training. We find that, overall, women are no less likely than men to undertake training and considerably more likely to train in four countries. The differing effects of characteristics and ‘returns’ can explain the gaps. There is no significant training-age profile for women and a strong negative profile for men. In several countries there is a negative association between fixed-term contacts and training, particularly for men. In most countries and, for both sexes, training is positively associated with public sector employment, high educational attainment and a high position in the wage distribution.