Loss of heterozygosity at 18q21 region in gastric cancer involves a number of cancer‐related genes and correlates with stage and histology, but lacks independent prognostic value

Abstract

Several studies support a role of 18q21 LOH, involving the DCC locus, in colorectal cancer progression; however, its contribution to the natural history of gastric cancer is less clear. Recently, a number of cancer-related genes have been mapped in the 18q21 region, either centromeric or telomeric to DCC. This study searched for 18q21 LOH in 161 gastric cancers representative of all tumour stages and main histological types. To this purpose, seven highly polymorphic markers were used flanking the 18q21 band and spanning the entire region. Thirty-four out of 147 (23.1%) informative cases showed LOH. In 27 of 34 cases (79%), LOH involved all the informative loci. The remaining seven cases showed LOH at more telomeric sites and retained heterozygosity at more centromeric markers, mostly those proximal to the DCC gene. A strong correlation between 18q21 LOH and level of gastric wall invasion, lymph node metastases, or stage was found in cohesive (glandular+solid) and mixed tumours, but not in diffuse cancers. Cox univariate and multivariate analysis showed that invasion level, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, TNM stage, and histology were effective predictors of survival, whereas 18q21 LOH did not show predictive power. The simultaneous deletion of a variety of cancer-related genes with different and even opposite roles might explain why, apparently, 18q21 LOH does not per se contribute significantly to the natural history of gastric cancer, despite strong correlation with stage.