Angewandte Chemie International Edition · 2014 · 607 citations · 24 references
Natural SciencesMaterials SciencePhysicsInorganic ChemistryMaterials PhysicsSemiconductor MaterialsDefects In Electronic MaterialsPerovskite MaterialsPhotovoltaic MaterialsSemiconductor DefectsSemiconductor PhysicsSolar CellsDisorderHalide PerovskitesInorganic SemiconductorsOrganic-inorganic Hybrid PerovskitesPerovskite SemiconductorsPoint DefectsSchottky DefectsVacancy Formation
Hybrid halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) exhibit unusually low free-carrier concentrations despite being processed at low-temperatures from solution. We demonstrate, through quantum mechanical calculations, that an origin of this phenomenon is a prevalence of ionic over electronic disorder in stoichiometric materials. Schottky defect formation provides a mechanism to self-regulate the concentration of charge carriers through ionic compensation of charged point defects. The equilibrium charged vacancy concentration is predicted to exceed 0.4% at room temperature. This behavior, which goes against established defect conventions for inorganic semiconductors, has implications for photovoltaic performance.
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Restoring the Density-Gradient Expansion for Exchange in Solids and Surfaces
John P. Perdew, Adrienn Ruzsinszky, Gábor I. Csonka et al. · Physical Review Letters · 2008 · 11.7K citations · Full text
Natural Sciences, Chemistry, Physics +13