Anticancer Effects of Thymoquinone, Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Resveratrol on A549 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Exposed to Benzo(a)pyrene

Abstract

Our results revealed up-regulation of the key upstream signaling factors, which ultimately cause increase in their regulatory p53 levels affecting the induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Overall these results provide mechanistic insights for understanding the molecular basis and utility of the anti-tumor activity of TQ, RES and CAPE.