Biomedical Reports · 2015 · 256 citations · 49 references
MedicineCardiologyInternal MedicineAcute Care MedicineClinical CardiologyCritical Care CardiologyCardiac AssessmentCardiac BiomarkersCardiac Risk AssessmentElectrocardiogram InterpretationElectrocardiographyIschemic Heart DiseaseAcute Myocardial Infarction DiagnosisCardiac Ischemia RecognitionCardiac Physical ExaminationEarly DiagnosisElectrocardiogram DiagnosisElectrocardiographic BiomarkersMyocardial Injury MarkersMyocardial Ischemia Markers
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The highest risk of fatality occurs within the initial hours of onset of AMI. Thus, early diagnosis of cardiac ischemia is critical for the effective management of patients with AMI. Improper diagnosis of patients with chest pain often leads to inappropriate admission of patients without AMI and vice versa. In addition to clinical history, physical examination, accurate electrocardiogram findings and assessment of cardiac biomarkers have an important role in the early diagnosis of acute ischemia. The present review discusses in detail the various cardiac biomarkers released during the event of an AMI.
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Elliott M. Antman, Jean‐Pierre Bassand, Werner Klein et al. · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2000 · 4.8K citations
Elevated Circulating Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Beth Levine, Jill Kalman, Lloyd Mayer et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 1990 · 2.6K citations · Full text
Medicine, Cardiology, Physiology +9