The biological principles of swarm intelligence

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Architecture, Bioinformatics, Directed Evolution +7

Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents

Marco Dorigo, Vittorio Maniezzo, A. Colorni · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics) · 1996 · 11.9K citations

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Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model

Craig W. Reynolds · 1987 · 7.8K citations

Life Sciences, Biology, Zoology +17

Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model

Craig W. Reynolds · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics · 1987 · 5.1K citations

Life Sciences, Biology, Zoology +17

Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move

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Management, Leadership, Organizational Behavior +14