2011 · 44 citations · 4 references
EngineeringComputer EngineeringComputer ScienceComputer ArchitectureLow-power DesignMicroelectronicsCmos Circuit DesignLow-power Cache DesignMicroarchitecture DesignPower ManagementProcessor Core DesignProcessor MicroarchitectureFlip-flopsLow-power Flip-flop DesignLow-power MicroarchitectureLow-power Processor DesignPower ConsumptionPower-efficient DesignProcess Variation EffectsProcess Variation Tolerance
AMD's 2-core "Bulldozer" module contains 213 million transistors in an 11 metal layer 32nm HKMG SOI CMOS process and is designed to operate from 0.8 to 1.3V. This new micro-architecture improves performance and frequency while reducing area and power compared to a previous AMD x86-64 CPU in the same process. To achieve these goals, the design reduced the number of F04 inverter delays/cycle by more than 20%, achieving higher frequencies in the same power envelope even with increased core counts. The 2-core CPU module area (including 2MB L2 cache) is 30.9mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The Bulldozer micro-architecture is cycle-based, using soft-edge flip-flops (SEF) to provide high-frequency performance, process variation tolerance, and low power consumption.
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An x86-64 core implemented in 32nm SOI CMOS
Ravi Jotwani, Sriram Sundaram, Stephen Kosonocky et al. · 2010 · 51 citations
Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering +16
A 2.6GHz Dual-Core 64bx86 Microprocessor with DDR2 Memory Support
Michael Golden, Srikanth Arekapudi, G. Dabney et al. · 2006 · 19 citations