DNA Introduction into Living Cells by Water Droplet Impact with an Electrospray Process

Abstract

Charged water droplets from an electrospray device can generate a transient hole in cell membranes for DNA transport into a living cell. The number of cells containing DNA encoded with green fluorescent protein (GFP) increases with an increase in applied voltage. The technique can be applied to gene transfection to eukaryotic cells, tissues, and prokaryotic cells.