Granulatoside A, a Starfish Steroid Glycoside, Enhances PC12 Cell Neuritogenesis Induced by Nerve Growth Factor through an Activation of MAP Kinase

Abstract

Improving NGF: Granulatoside A was rediscovered from a different starfish and found to enhance the neuritogenic activity of nerve growth factor up to 40-fold. The glycoside at the side chain seemed to be important for its activity. This effect is attributable to both enhancement and maintenance of the phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2.