Thermodynamic Stability of Interfacial Gaseous States

Abstract

We studied the thermodynamic stability of interfacial gaseous states on atomically smooth highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) in water using atomic force microscopy. Quasi-two-dimensional gas layers (micropancakes) required a higher supersaturation of gas than spherical-cap-shaped nanobubbles. The two forms of gas coexisted at a sufficiently high supersaturation of gas where one or more of the nanobubbles may sit on top of a micropancake. The micropancakes spontaneously coalesced with each other over time. After the coalescence of two neighboring micropancakes which each had had a nanobubble on top, one nanobubble grew at the expense of the other. We analyzed these results assuming temporal and local quasi-equilibrium conditions.