American Journal of Psychiatry · 2000 · 203 citations · 11 references
MedicinePsychiatryPsychologyAdult PsychiatryChild PsychiatryDevelopmental PsychopathologyAttention DisordersAttention-deficit/hyperactivity DisorderBipolar DisordersMental IllnessNeurodevelopmental DisordersPsychiatric EpidemiologyAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ComorbidityAttention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder DevelopmentBipolar Disorder AssociationChildhood AdhdChildhood Onset Bipolar DisorderComorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderEarly-onset Bipolar DisorderLate-onset Bipolar Disorder
OBJECTIVE: The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and earlier age at onset of affective illness was examined in probands with a history of bipolar disorder. METHOD: The authors assessed 56 adult bipolar subjects. Those with a history of childhood ADHD (N=8) were age and sex matched with bipolar subjects without a history of childhood ADHD (N=8). RESULTS: The age at onset of the first affective episode was lower for the subjects with bipolar disorder and a history of childhood ADHD (mean=12.1 years, SD=4.6) than for those without a history of childhood ADHD (mean=20. 0 years, SD=11.3). CONCLUSIONS: ADHD in children of bipolar probands might identify children at highest risk for development of bipolar disorder.
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Onset of Major Depression in Early Adulthood
Myrna M. Weissman · Archives of General Psychiatry · 1984 · 324 citations