IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · 2010 · 128 citations · 5 references
EngineeringComputer EngineeringElectrical EngineeringComputer ArchitectureLow-power DesignMicroelectronicsCachingClock GatingLeakage Power ReductionPower ManagementProcessor Core DesignProcessor MicroarchitectureCache DesignCache Leakage ReductionCache Power GatingPower ConsumptionPower ConversionPower Conversion EfficiencyPower EfficiencySilicon
This paper describes a 2.3 Billion transistors, 8-core, 16-thread, 64-bit Xeon <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> EX processor with a 24 MB shared L3 cache implemented in a 45 nm nine-metal process. Multiple clock and voltage domains are used to reduce power consumption. Long channel devices and cache sleep mode are used to minimize leakage. Core and cache recovery improve manufacturing yields and enable multiple product flavors from the same silicon die. The disabled blocks are both clock and power gated to minimize their power consumption. Idle power is reduced by shutting off the unterminated I/O links and shedding phases in the voltage regulator to improve the power conversion efficiency.
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A family of 45nm IA processors
R. Kumar, Geoffrey E. Hinton · 2009 · 128 citations
Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering +17