thermodynamic properties for natural waters covering only the limnological range1

Abstract

Dissolved salts affect the thermodynamic properties of lake waters. Equations are given to calculate the following properties over the range of 0–0.6 salinity, 0°–30°C, and 0–180 bars: density, thermal expansibility, temperature of maximum density, maximum density and minimum specific volume, isothermal compressibility, specific heat at constant pressure, specific heat at constant volume, sound speed, adiabatic compressibility, freezing point, adiabatic temperature gradient, and static stability.