Low salinity water flooding is a research concept and enhanced oil recovery strategy centered on injecting water with reduced ionic strength into hydrocarbon reservoirs. This field investigates the complex rock-fluid interactions, such as wettability alteration and interfacial tension modification, that potentially lead to improved oil displacement compared to conventional methods, with ongoing research focused on mechanistic understanding and optimizing performance under various reservoir conditions, including heterogeneity and initial fluid saturations, often utilizing experimental methods and reservoir simulation.