Analysis of electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light in a hot vapor of atoms undergoing collisions

Abstract

We present a detailed theoretical treatment of a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system in a hot atomic vapor interacting with a coupling and a probe field of arbitrary strengths, leading to electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light under the two-photon resonance condition. We take into account all the relevant decoherence processes including collisions. Velocity-changing collisions (VCCs) are modeled in the strong-collision limit effectively, which helps in achieving optical pumping by the coupling beam across the entire Doppler profile. The steady-state expressions for the atomic density-matrix elements are numerically evaluated to yield the experimentally measured response characteristics. The predictions, taking into account a dynamic rate of influx of atoms in the two lower levels of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$, are in excellent agreement with the reported experimental results for ${^{4}\text{H}\text{e}}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$. The role played by the VCC parameter is seen to be distinct from that by the transit time or Raman coherence decay rate.