Binding Energies and Chemical Shifts in ESCA

Abstract

A comprehensive account is presented of the theory of electron binding energies, chemical shifts, and related phenomena in electron spectroscopy. The potential model at various levels of approximation is examined and a few other models for the chemical shift in ESCA, such as the thermodynamic model based on the equivalent core approximation, are discussed. Other phenomena dealt with in this survey are, the reorganization energy following core ionization, multiplett splittings in paramagnetic substances, and electron shake-up and shake-off. Finally, the theoretical conditions for correlating chemical shifts in ESCA with chemical shifts in NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopy are considered.