Environment and Planning B Planning and Design · 2013 · 238 citations · 30 references
ArchitectureBuilding ScienceUrban DesignBuilt EnvironmentHeat TransferUrban MorphologyBuilding Energy ModelingBuilding FormBuilding Thermal PerformanceEnergy SimulationThermal PerformanceUrban Energy SystemsDetached House TypologyEnergy-efficient Urban FormResidential Building DesignSolar GainsThermal Performance ModelingUrban Building Energy ModelingUrban Morphology AnalysisUrban Thermal Environment
The study investigates the theoretical heat‑energy demand of various urban forms at a 500 m × 500 m scale using residential building typologies from Paris, London, Berlin, and Istanbul. Idealised samples of each typology were generated, and their digital elevation models were simulated for solar gains and surface energy losses, while macro‑ and micro‑scale morphological parameters and climatic effects were also examined. Results show that urban morphology can reduce heat‑energy demand by up to a factor of six, with compact and tall buildings being most efficient and detached housing the least.
Our aim is better understanding of the theoretical heat-energy demand of different types of urban form at a scale of 500 m × 500 m. The empirical basis of this study includes samples of dominant residential building typologies identified for Paris, London, Berlin, and Istanbul. In addition, archetypal idealised samples were created for each type through an analysis of their built form parameters and the removal of unwanted ‘invasive’ morphologies. The digital elevation models of these real and idealised samples were run through a simulation that modelled solar gains and building surface energy losses to estimate heat-energy demand. In addition to investigating the effect of macroscale morphological parameters, microscale design parameters, such as U-values and glazing ratios, as well as climatic effects were analysed. The theoretical results of this study suggest that urban-morphology-induced heat-energy efficiency is significant and can lead to a difference in heat-energy demand of up to a factor of six. Compact and tall building types were found to have the greatest heat-energy efficiency at the neighbourhood scale while detached housing was found to have the lowest.
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