Angiotensin II-mediated up-regulation of connective tissue growth factor promotes atrial tissue fibrosis in the canine atrial fibrillation model

Abstract

CTGF and associated genes were up-regulated in the atria with the appearance of fibrosis. Because this up-regulation was independent of TGF-β and suppressed by olmesartan, CTGF up-regulation was considered to be mediated by angiotensin II.