Assessing political group dynamics: A test of the groupthink model.

Abstract

This study used the Group Dynamics Q sort (GDQS) to explore the empirical underpinnings and theoretical logic of the groupthink model. Examination of 10 decision-making episodes revealed considerable historical support for Janis's (1982) classification of groups into groupthink and vigilant decision-making episodes. LISREL analysis, however, revealed less support for Janis's (1982) causal model of groupthink. Neither group cohesiveness nor situational stress emerged as independent predictors of symptoms of groupthink. Structural and procedural faults of the organization did, however, emerge as a potent predictor. Little support was found for Janis's (1982) suggestion that the ill-fated Mayaguez and Iran rescue decisions were the product of groupthink. The results illustrate the symbiotic relationship between social psychology and history. Historical case studies allow for testing theories of group dynamics; social-psychological concepts and research methods can inform interpretations of historical events.