On the Modeling and Analysis of Machining Performance in Micro-Endmilling, Part I: Surface Generation

TLDR

The study investigates surface generation in micro‑endmilling of single‑phase and multiphase workpieces and develops a predictive model for surface roughness. The authors used 508 µm endmills with 2–5 µm edge radii to machine slots in ferrite, pearlite, and ductile‑iron alloys at feed rates of 0.25–3.0 µm/flute, and derived minimum chip‑thickness values from finite‑element simulations to build the surface‑roughness model. The model accurately predicts surface roughness for ferrite and pearlite, identifies an optimal feed rate governed by tool geometry and minimum chip thickness, and shows that multiphase ductile‑iron workpieces exhibit higher roughness due to interrupted chip formation and burrs at phase boundaries.

Abstract

This paper examines the surface generation process in the micro-endmilling of both single-phase and multiphase workpiece materials. We used 508 μm dia endmills with edge radii of 2 and 5 μm to machine slots in ferrite, pearlite, and two ductile iron materials at feed rates ranging from 0.25 to 3.0 μm/flute. A surface generation model to predict the surface roughness for the slot floor centerline is then developed based on the minimum chip thickness concept. The minimum chip thickness values were found through finite element simulations for the ferrite and pearlite materials. The model is shown to accurately predict the surface roughness for single-phase materials, viz., ferrite and pearlite. Two phenomena were found to combine to generate an optimal feed rate for the surface generation of single-phase materials: (i) the geometric effect of the tool and process geometry and (ii) the minimum chip thickness effect. The surface roughness measurements for the ductile iron workpieces indicate that the micromilling surface generation process for multiphase workpiece materials is also affected by the interrupted chip-formation process as the cutting edge moves between phases resulting in burrs at the phase boundaries and the associated increases in surface roughness.