The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.

TLDR

Cultural variation across individualism–collectivism, tightness–looseness, and complexity shapes how private, public, and collective aspects of the self are sampled, and the article links environmental and childrearing factors to these patterns. The study aims to map how environmental, childrearing, and cultural factors influence the differential sampling of private, public, and collective self aspects. The authors review empirical studies that sample private, public, and collective self aspects with varying probabilities across social environments. The analysis shows that cultural complexity and individualism increase private and public self sampling while reducing collective self sampling, whereas collectivism, threat, competition, common fate, and cultural homogeneity boost collective self sampling, affecting social behavior.

Abstract

Three aspects of the self(private, public, collective) with different probabilities in different kinds of social environments were sampled. Three dimensions of cultural variation (individualism--collectivism, tightness-looseness, cultural complexity) are discussed in relation to the sampling of these three aspects of the self. The more complex the culture, the more frequent the sampling of the public and private self and the less frequent the sampling of the collective self. The more individualistic the culture, the more frequent the sampling of the private self and the less frequent the sampling of the collective self. Collectivism, external threat, competition with outgroups, and common fate increase the sampling of the collective self. Cultural homogeneity results in tightness and in the sampling of the collective self. The article outlines theoretical links among aspects of the environment, childrearing patterns, and cultural patterns, which are linked to differential sampling of aspects of the self. Such sampling has implications for social behavior. Empirical investigations of some of these links are reviewed.