A Self-Calibrated DLL-Based Clock Generator for an Energy-Aware EISC Processor

Abstract

This paper describes a low-jitter delay-locked loop (DLL)-based clock generator for dynamic frequency scaling in the extendable instruction set computing (EISC) processor. The DLL-based clock generator provides the system clock with frequencies of 0.5× to 8× of the reference clock, according to the workload of the EISC processor. The proposed analog self-calibration method and a phase detector with an auxiliary charge pump can effectively reduce the delay mismatch between delay cells in the voltage-controlled delay line and the static phase offset due to the current mismatch in the charge pump, respectively. The self-calibrated output waveform exhibits 9.7 ps of RMS jitter and 73.7 ps of peak-to-peak jitter at 120 MHz. The prototype clock generator implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS process occupies an active area of 0.27 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 15.56 mA.