Photochemistry and Photobiology · 1981 · 234 citations · 7 references
EngineeringAnatomyBiophysicsBiomedical OpticsRadiation BiophysicsRadiation DosimetryAbsorption In TissueLight-tissue InteractionRadiative TransferScattering In TissueTissue Optical PropertiesTissue OpticsHuman Body Radiation AbsorptionLight Scattering In TissueOptical AbsorptionRadiation TransmittanceRadiative Transfer In TissueTissue TransmittanceVisible RadiationWavelength-dependent Absorption
Tissue thickness, optical absorption, and scattering largely determine light transmittance in human tissues. The study measured spectral transmittance of 400–865 nm light through skull, chest wall, abdominal wall, and scrotum. Transmittance is negligible below 500 nm for chest and abdomen, but 10⁻⁵–10⁻⁴ of blue light reaches brain and testes; overall transmittance rises with wavelength, reaching 10⁻²–10⁻¹ for skulls and scrota and 10⁻³–10⁻² for chest and abdominal walls.
Abstract— Spectral transmittance of 400–865 nm radiation through various human structures, including the skull with scalp, the chest wall, abdominal wall and scrotum, is presented. There is essentially no visible light of wavelengths shorter than 500 nm transmitted through the chest or the abdominal wall. In contrast, 10 −5 –10 −4 of blue light can reach the brain and testes. Transmittance of all tissues increases progressively with wavelength from 600 to 814nm. The maximal transmittances are 10 −2 –10 −1 for skulls and scrota, and 10 −3 –10 −2 for chest and abdominal walls. Tissue thickness, optical absorption and scattering are major influencing factors.
7
Photoradiation therapy for the treatment of malignant tumors.
Thomas J. Dougherty, J. Kaufman, Abraham Goldfarb et al. · PubMed · 1978 · 1.5K citations
Medicine, Dermatology, Oncology +13
Design of Liposomes for Enhanced Local Release of Drugs by Hyperthermia
Milton B. Yatvin, John N. Weinstein, Warren H. Dennis et al. · Science · 1978 · 937 citations