Analysis of charge-state distributions of heavy ions in carbon foils and gases

Abstract

The charge-state distributions of heavy ions after passing through carbon foils with an energy per nucleon E/M<or approximately=20 keV amu-1, and through gases in the energy domain analysed, i.e. 10<or approximately=E/M (keV amu-1)<or approximately=300, are very well fitted by the authors' recent 'chi-squared model' (1977). Charge-state distributions in carbon foils for E/M>or approximately=20 keV amu-1 follow the Gaussian law surprisingly well. Charge-state distributions in carbon foils calculated using either the chi-squared model or the Gaussian model are in better agreement with experimental data than those calculated from the independent-electron model (binomial model).