Trace Detection of Nitrocompounds by ArF Laser Photofragmentation/Ionization Spectrometry

Abstract

A new method for detecting trace vapors of NO 2 -containing compounds near atmospheric conditions has been demonstrated with the use of one-color-laser photofragmentation/ionization spectrometry. An ArF laser is employed to both photolytically fragment the target molecules in a collision-free environment and ionize the characteristic NO fragments. The production of NO is hypothesized to result from a combination of two NO 2 unimolecular fragmentation pathways, one yielding NO in its X 2 II electronic ground state and the other in its A 2 Σ + excited state. Ionization of ground-state NO molecules is accomplished by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization processes via its A 2 Σ + ← X 2 II (3, 0), B 2 II ← X 2 II (7, 0) and/or D 2 Σ + ← X 2 II (0, 1) bands at 193 nm. The analytical utility of this method is demonstrated in a molecular beam time-of-flight apparatus. Limits of detection range from the parts-per-million (ppm) to parts-per-billion (ppb) level for NO, NO 2 , CH 3 NO 2 , dimethylnitramine (DMNA), ortho- and meta-nitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, and trinitrotoluene (TNT). Under effusive beam experimental conditions, discrimination between structural isomers, ortho-nitrotoluene and meta-nitrotoluene, has been demonstrated with the use of their characteristic photofragmentation/ionization mass spectra.