Stepwise Methodology for Plain Radiographic Assessment of Pedicle Screw Placement: A Comparison With Computed Tomography

Abstract

CT scans, often considered the "gold standard" for clinical assessment of pedicle screw placement, have limitations when validated with gross anatomical dissection. The described systematic method for evaluating pedicle screw placement using orthogonal plain radiographs attained accuracy comparable to high-resolution CT scans.