Social SciencesBiologyChemical BiologyArmed ConflictBiological ControlBiosecurityBiological TerrorismBiological Weapons ControlBiological Weapons DisarmamentChemical TerrorismChemical Weapons DisarmamentMethods Of WarfareBiological Weapon AttacksBiological Weapons ProliferationChemical Terrorism Risk
The threat of chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction has intensified because of improved delivery systems and advances in chemistry, genetics, and other sciences. Possible US responses to this threat include deterrence, defenses, and/or disarmament, including a reaffirmation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention of 1972, which is now in jeopardy. This article discusses the history of chemical and biological warfare, existing and potential weapons, the proliferation of weapons and delivery systems, ways to prevent the use of these weapons, and ways to protect populations from their effects.
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Bacillus anthracis on Gruinard Island
R.J. Manchee, M. Broster, J. Melling et al. · Nature · 1981 · 113 citations
Decontamination of Bacillus anthracis on Gruinard Island?
R.J. Manchee, M. Broster, Isabel S. Anderson et al. · Nature · 1983 · 65 citations
The Birth of the U.S. Biological-Warfare Program
Barton J. Bernstein · Scientific American · 1987 · 37 citations