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Valproic acid induces apoptosis in differentiating hippocampal neurons by the release of tumor necrosis factor-α from activated astrocytes

MedicineSynaptic TransmissionApoptosisPharmacologyHippocampal NeuronsCell DeathNeuropharmacologyNeuroprotectionNeuroscienceMolecular NeurobiologyNeurochemistryCell Death MechanismsSynaptic SignalingTumor Necrosis Factor-αOxidative StressNeuroinflammation