Comparison between the optical limiting behavior of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine and a cyanine dye

Abstract

The picosecond optical limiting characteristics of the optical limiting dyes hexamethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (HITCI) and chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (CAP) are compared and contrasted at 532 nm. From single pulse transmittance experiments, HITCI is shown to possess a serious limitation in its optical limiting behavior, where the regime of induced absorption becomes one of induced transmission for high irradiances. CAP, on the other hand, although possessing a smaller ratio of the excited-state to ground-state absorption cross-section, continues to exhibit optical limiting over a much broader dynamic range. From cross-polarized time-resolved excitation-probe measurements, HITCI exhibits a sharp negative spike around zero delay which originates from orientational coherent grating effects, while CAP does not exhibit any spike. These nonlinearities are explained theoretically as a complex interplay between a series of excited manifolds for the dyes and the radiation properties of the interacting laser pulse.