QEPAS based ppb-level detection of CO and N_2O using a high power CW DFB-QCL

TLDR

The QEPAS sensor employs a 4.61 µm, high‑power CW DFB‑QCL at 10 °C, and its long‑term stability was evaluated via Allan deviation analysis and a 5‑hour continuous atmospheric monitoring. The platform achieved ultra‑sensitive detection of CO and N2O, with MDLs of 1.5 ppbv (1 s, 2.6 % H₂O) and 23 ppbv (100 Torr, 2.6 % H₂O), and improved limits of 340 pptv CO and 4 ppbv N2O at 500 s acquisition, with water vapor enhancing signal levels.

Abstract

An ultra-sensitive and selective quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor platform was demonstrated for detection of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N2O). This sensor used a state-of-the art 4.61 μm high power, continuous wave (CW), distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (DFB-QCL) operating at 10°C as the excitation source. For the R(6) CO absorption line, located at 2169.2 cm(-1), a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 1.5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at atmospheric pressure was achieved with a 1 sec acquisition time and the addition of 2.6% water vapor concentration in the analyzed gas mixture. For the N2O detection, a MDL of 23 ppbv was obtained at an optimum gas pressure of 100 Torr and with the same water vapor content of 2.6%. In both cases the presence of water vapor increases the detected CO and N2O QEPAS signal levels as a result of enhancing the vibrational-translational relaxation rate of both target gases. Allan deviation analyses were performed to investigate the long term performance of the CO and N2O QEPAS sensor systems. For the optimum data acquisition time of 500 sec a MDL of 340 pptv and 4 ppbv was obtained for CO and N2O detection, respectively. To demonstrate reliable and robust operation of the QEPAS sensor a continuous monitoring of atmospheric CO and N2O concentration levels for a period of 5 hours were performed.