The Evolution of Ideas: A Phylogeny of Shell Models

Abstract

Researchers have used mathematical models to analyze and classify shells and, by simulating hypothetical forms, to test specific theories about them. Based on an analogy in which these mathematical models are considered as species, I construct a data set and derive a cladogram of shell models. This analysis provides a concise, graphic review of the major works in the discipline of shell modeling. Interpreting the results phylogenetically, I demonstrate that an evolutionary model provides insights into the different approaches taken by researchers, permits the differentiation and classification of models into clades of form and growthlike "species," and allows the identification of anagenesis and historical constraints in the development of ideas in the discipline of shell modeling.