Evidence for Ligand-Dependent Mechanistic Changes in Nickel-Catalyzed Chain-Growth Polymerizations

Abstract

The mechanisms for Ni(dppp)Cl2-catalyzed chain-growth polymerization of 4-bromo-2,5-bis(hexyloxy)phenylmagnesium chloride and 5-bromo-4-hexylthiophen-2-ylmagnesium chloride were investigated. A combination of rate and spectroscopic studies revealed that transmetalation is the rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle for both monomers. 31P NMR spectroscopic studies revealed that a Ni(II)−aryl halide and a Ni(II)−thienyl halide are the catalyst resting states. In addition, LiCl was found to alter the arene polymerization rates. These results are different than those previously obtained with an alternative catalyst (Ni(dppe)Cl2) and suggest that the ligand has a strong mechanistic influence on the polymerization.