Effect of Water Soluble Fraction of Prudhoe Bay Crude Oil on Embryonic Development of Pacific Herring

Abstract

This project sought to simulate conditions of a crude oil spill to test the effects of low boiling point, water-soluble hydrocarbon components of Prudhoe Bay crude oil on developing Pacific herring, (Clupea harengus pallasi) embryos. Initial hydrocarbon concentrations in the experimental containers were less than 1 μg/g H2O. Exposure for 48 hours led to a significantly higher incidence of gross morphological abnormalities. Exposure for 6 days resulted in 100% mortality of the fertilized embryos. Gross abnormalities usually consisted of flexures in the body which reduced or prevented locomotion. Results of scanning electron microscopy reveal other defects, such as improperly formed mouths, which adversely affect biological fitness yet are difficult to detect. Exposure for 12 hours or longer led to reduced size of newly hatched larvae, suggesting hydrocarbon exposure adversely affects embryonic metabolism.