Large Nondipole Effects in the Angular Distributions of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">K</mml:mi></mml:math>-Shell Photoelectrons from Molecular Nitrogen

Abstract

Measurements of angular distributions of K-shell electrons photoejected from molecular nitrogen are reported which reveal large deviations at relatively low photon energies (Planck's omega < or = 500 eV) from emission patterns anticipated from the dipole approximation to interactions between radiation and matter. A concomitant theoretical analysis incorporating the effects of electromagnetic retardation attributes the observed large nondipole behaviors in N2 to bond-length-dependent terms in the E1 [multiply sign in circle] (E2,M1) photoelectron emission amplitudes which are indicative of a potentially universal nondipole behavior in molecular photoionization.