Ground state of a two-dimensional lattice system with a long-range interparticle repulsion: Stripe formation and effective lowering of dimension

Abstract

It has been shown that particle ordering into stripes and effective lowering of dimension reside universally in the ground state of two-dimensional lattice systems with a long-range interparticle repulsion for any geometry of the host lattice and any physically reasonable isotropic pair potential. Examples are adatom systems and ensembles of self-localized charge carriers in layered or two-dimensional narrow-band conductors. On the basis of this fact a general analytical procedure has been formulated to describe fully the ground-state space structure of the above systems and the zero-temperature dependence of their filling factor on the chemical potential. The results obtained enable us to suggest that charge ordering into stripes revealed in copper-oxide superconductors can be caused solely by a long-range Coulomb hole-hole repulsion.