Off-axis low-energy structures in above-threshold ionization

Abstract

The velocity map of the above-threshold ionization electron spectrum at long laser wavelength exhibits a characteristic structure normal to the laser polarization, which has the appearance of a trident or a three-pronged fork. The forklike structure vanishes for few-cycle laser pulses. It is explained in terms of the classical-electron-trajectories model of strong-field ionization augmented so as to allow for rescattering. The analysis reveals its relation to the so-called low-energy structure, which was recently observed for very small transverse momenta.