American Psychologist · 1989 · 251 citations · 13 references
HumanitiesCriminologySexuality StudiesLgbtq StudiesQueer StudiesSexual OffensesHate CrimeHate Crime VictimizationLgbtq Health StudiesSex DiscriminationSexual AssaultSexual Violence PreventionHate Crime IncidenceHate Crime StatisticsHate Crime Victimization SurveysLgbtq+ Hate CrimesLgbtq+ VictimizationSexual Orientation-based Hate CrimeUnderreporting Of Hate CrimesVictimization Of Sexual Minorities
Antigay hate crimes are a serious national problem, yet trends are hard to assess because most incidents go unreported and comprehensive national surveys are lacking. The paper offers suggestions for research and policy to address antigay hate crimes. Surveys show that 92 % of lesbians and gay men have experienced verbal abuse or threats, 24 % have suffered physical attacks, and recent assaults increasingly include references to AIDS.
Antigay hate crimes (words or actions that are intended to harm or intimidate individuals because they are lesbian or gay) constitute a serious national problem. In recent surveys, as many as 92% of lesbians and gay men report that they have been the targets of antigay verbal abuse or threats, and as many as 24% report physical attacks because of their sexual orientation. Assaults may have increased in frequency during the last few years, with many incidents now including spoken references to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by the assailants. Trends cannot be assessed, however, because most antigay hate crimes are never reported and no comprehensive national surveys of antigay victimization have been conducted. Suggestions are offered for research and policy.
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Gregory M. Herek · American Behavioral Scientist · 1986 · 499 citations
Male rape: offenders and victims
A. Nicholas Groth, Ann Wolbert Burgess · American Journal of Psychiatry · 1980 · 271 citations