Three models, one goal: Assessing financial vulnerability in New Zealand amateur sports clubs

Abstract

Highlights► We model three different theoretical constructs of financial vulnerability and apply these to amateur sports clubs. ► Utilising longitudinal data from golf and football clubs we are able to assess changes in key ratios over time. ► Each model's predictive variables and explanatory strengths differ, due to differences in these sports. ► Variables to monitor include: over-reliance on external (non-member) revenue, increasing debt, and excessive expenditure.