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Ecological analyses of the northernmost population of pitch pine (<i>Pinus rigida</i>)
19
Citations
32
References
1997
Year
BiodiversityEngineeringSilvicultureBiogeographyForest RestorationNorthernmost PopulationEvolutionary BiologyGeographyForestryEcological AnalysesRock OutcropsForest ConservationSocial SciencesForest ProductivityPitch PineSandstone OutcropsForest BiologyConservation Biology
The northernmost population of pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) is located in the St. Lawrence Valley of Quebec in a region of sandstone outcrops. It has been assumed that this population is the extreme in tolerance to climatic rigor acceptable for the maintenance of this species. We studied the population age structure, fire dynamics, and phytosociology of pitch pine to test three hypotheses: (1) along a water gradient, pitch pine is limited to a narrow range of conditions that is most favorable, (2) regeneration is sporadic and restricted to certain years in which a set of presumably favorable climatic conditions occur, and (3) maintenance of the species is dependent on a favorable fire regime. We found that pitch pine colonizes a wide range of edaphic conditions, from dry rock outcrops to peat bogs. Since the last fire (1957), pitch pine establishment has been continuous and abundant. Recent fires are closely associated with spatial position of rock outcrops and peat bogs with little effect on the present distribution of pitch pine. The ecological characteristics of this population appear to be inconsistent with a species that is restricted in its northern expansion by direct climatic limitation to survival or reproduction. We hypothesize that the major factor responsible for the restriction of pitch pine in expanding its distribution northward would be the lack of suitable habitat rather than a physiological response to climate. Resume : La population la plus septentrionale de pin rigide ( Pinus rigida Mill.) est situee dans la vallee du Saint-Laurent au Quebec, sur des affleurements de gres. Il est generalement admis que cette population se situe a un endroit limite quant a la tolerance de cette espece par rapport aux rigueurs climatiques. Nous avons donc etudie la structure d'âge, la dynamique des feux et la phytosociologie du pin rigide afin de tester les trois hypotheses suivantes : (1) le pin rigide est confine a une bande etroite d'un gradient de drainage, (2) sa regeneration est sporadique et restreinte a certaines annees ou les conditions climatiques lui sont favorables et (3) la perennite de cette population depend d'un regime de feux favorable a son maintien. Nous avons trouve que le pin rigide colonise un large eventail de conditions edaphiques allant des zones seches de roches en place aux zones tourbeuses et inondees. Depuis le dernier feu (1957), l'etablissement des semis se fait de maniere abondante et continue. Les feux recents sont etroitement associes avec la repartition spatiale des zones d'affleurement et des tourbieres tout en ayant qu'un faible impact sur la presente distribution du pin rigide. Les caracteristiques ecologiques de cette population apparaissent en contradiction avec une espece qui est restreinte a sa limite nord par les conditions limitantes du climat quant a sa survie et a sa reproduction. Nous emettons l'hypothese que le principal facteur responsable de l'expansion vers le nord de la distribution geographique du pin rigide serait le manque d'habitats convenables plutot qu'une reponse physiologique a des conditions climatiques defavorables.
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