Fiber-optic detection system for capillary waves: An apparatus for studying liquid surfaces and spread monolayers

Abstract

Generating capillary waves with an alternating electric field gradient is a noncontact way to study the mechanical properties of monolayers. By studying capillary waves the surface tension can be calculated. In addition, the surface elasticity can be deduced and film inhomogeneity can be determined. We have incorporated a fiber-optic detection system into a capillary wave apparatus. This makes the apparatus more compact, movable, versatile, and easier to use than detection systems currently in use.