R and D Management · 2008 · 170 citations · 44 references
ManagementInnovation ManagementStrategic ManagementInnovationPharmaceutical TechnologyResearch ManagementOutsourcing GovernanceOutsourcing StrategyResearch CommercializationResearch PolicyTechnology SharingInnovation OutsourcingInternational OutsourcingOutsourcingOutsourcing ManagementR And D OutsourcingSharing Of Research Results
Outsourcing R&D has become a major management issue and a growing academic concern as research and innovation become increasingly distributed in advanced economies. This paper aims to outline the main reasons why pharmaceutical firms outsource R&D and the management practices they employ. The study surveyed UK research‑based pharmaceutical companies from 2004–2006, evaluating outsourcing issues alongside firm characteristics and specific projects. Results reveal the motivations for outsourcing, the decision‑making processes involved, and the barriers that impede outsourcing arrangements.
Outsourcing of research and development (R&D) activities has become a major management issue for R&D and technical managers within firms. It has also been of growing concern to academics who are trying to chart the implications of the increasingly distributed nature of research and innovative activities in advanced economies. This study is based on a survey of research‐based pharmaceutical companies operating in the United Kingdom conducted in 2004–2006. The aim of this paper is to outline the main reasons for pharmaceutical firms to outsource R&D and the management practices followed by such companies in relation to outsourcing. The research results provide interesting findings in relation to, for example, the reasons behind outsourcing, the decision‐making processes behind such practices and barriers to outsourcing arrangements. These issues are evaluated together with the characteristics of the firms and the specific project outsourced.
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An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.
Brian J. Loasby, Richard R. Nelson, Sidney G. Winter · The Economic Journal · 1983 · 21.7K citations