Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels

TLDR

Photoelectron measurements of absolute energy levels are more precise than x‑ray absorption edge data. Least‑squares adjustment of overdetermined equations from x‑ray emission wavelengths, combined with photoelectron data for 81 elements and additional data from x‑ray absorption, ionization, and Moseley‑diagram interpolation, yields energy level differences and their probable errors. The reevaluated x‑ray emission wavelengths are placed on a consistent Å* scale, and probable errors are provided on an absolute energy basis. The original source includes tables of energy levels in Rydberg units and difference tables in volts, Rydbergs, and milli‑Å* wavelength units, each with probable errors.

Abstract

All of the x-ray emission wavelengths have recently been reevaluated and placed on a consistent \AA{}* scale. For most elements these data give a highly overdetermined set of equations for energy level differences, which have been solved by least-squares adjustment for each case. This procedure makes "best" use of all x-ray wavelength data, and also permits calculation of the probable error for each energy difference. Photoelectron measurements of absolute energy levels are more precise than x-ray absorption edge data. These have been used to establish the absolute scale for eighty-one elements and, in many cases, to provide additional energy level difference data. The x-ray absorption wavelengths were used for eight elements and ionization measurements for two; the remaining five were interpolated by a Moseley diagram involving the output values of energy levels from adjacent elements. Probable errors are listed on an absolute energy basis. In the original source of the present data, a table of energy levels in Rydberg units is given. Difference tables in volts, Rydbergs, and milli-\AA{}* wavelength units, with the respective probable errors, are also included there.