Maternal triiodothyronine injections cause increases in swimbladder inflation and survival rates in larval striped bass, <i>Morone saxatilis</i>

Abstract

Abstract We have experimentally elevated the triiodothyronine (T 3 ) content of striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ) eggs by injecting female striped bass intramuscularly with a large dose of T 3 (20 μg/g body weight) shortly before the induction of spawning. The significant elevation of T 3 concentrations in the eggs from the hormone‐injected fish (to 180 ng per gram), compared with those of vehicle injected controls (about 19 ng/g), confirms the transfer of T 3 from the maternal circulation into oocytes. There were significant differences in the development of embryos and larvae from the two groups. Within the first week after hatching, the hormone‐treated cohorts showed significantly greater larval body area, length, and dry weight, despite similar patterns of yolk and oil‐globule utilization. The rate of swimbladder inflation and the survival rate were also significantly enhanced in the cohorts produced by T 3 ‐treated females. There was a positive and highly significant correlation between the concentration of T 3 in the unfertilized oocytes and the rate of survival within the cohort. The improvement in larval survival may be a result of the maintenance of elevated T 3 levels through the first week of development: during the transition to active feeding but before the onset of larval thyroid function. Thyroid hormone supplements appear to confer a distinct advantage to larval striped bass during this early, fragile developmental stage.