Scientific seed production techniques in Moringa

Abstract

Moringa oleifera, is native to India. The other related species are M. sternopetala, Moringa peregrine and Moringa drouhardii: There are two types of moringa viz., perennial and annual moringa. The improved annual moringa varieties are PKM-1 and PKM-2. Besides, the known ecotypes are Jaffna moringa, Chavakacheri murungai, Chemmurungai (red tipped fruits), Kaadumurungai Palmurungai, Puna murungai and Kodikkal Murungai. Moringa is a cross pollinated vegetable crop. Flowering is throughout the year with the peak during October -November and April-May. The corresponding fruit production was during October and May. The pollen grains of drumstick are spherical with smooth exine and three germpores. The stigma is receptive one day prior to opening and continued with maximum receptivity of 88 and 96% in PKM1 and PKM 2 respectively. PKM 1 and 2 are annual type, propagated through seeds. By adopting the various scientific techniques such as correct season of sowing, seed treatment, pinching, water and nutrient management and plat protection measures at right time, the quality seeds of moringa could be produced. Good quality seeds can be obtained by adopting proper harvesting, processing and grading and storage techniques in moringa.