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Hwansodan protects PC12 cells against serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis via a mechanism involving Ras and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway

MitophagyPc12 CellsSignal TransductionSignaling PathwayReceptor Tyrosine KinaseApoptosisAutophagyImmunologyCell DeathMitogen-activated ProteinMedicineCell BiologyCell SignalingSerum-deprivation-induced ApoptosisOxidative Stress