Placental Thrombosis and Spontaneous Fetal Death in Mice Deficient in Ethanolamine Kinase 2

Abstract

Ethanolamine kinase catalyzes the first step in the CDP-ethanolamine pathway for the formation of the major membrane phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn). In this work, the predicted Etnk2 cDNA was established as a soluble protein with ethanolamine-specific kinase activity that was most highly expressed in liver. Mice with an inactivated Etnk2 gene the of in a major in of an phospholipid a a that in a in of that the of in a of of the of a for in Ethanolamine kinase catalyzes the first step in the CDP-ethanolamine pathway for the formation of the major membrane phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn). In this work, the predicted Etnk2 cDNA was established as a soluble protein with ethanolamine-specific kinase activity that was most highly expressed in liver. Mice with an inactivated Etnk2 gene the of in a major in of an phospholipid a a that in a in of that the of in a of of the of a for in for the of phosphatidylethanolamine a major membrane CDP-ethanolamine pathway with kinase with a the of the pathway a major for in most the pathway the for in of the first step in the that activity of kinase as a a this the for the in with a activity for with a for with of the the gene established the of with activity in in the in a the of in Mice activity of in gene as a cDNA that kinase this the most highly expressed of the in the of for in the of Etnk2 in a of the for as a that expressed most highly in of phospholipid in the of in in most of the Etnk2 gene phospholipid a for was a in was that of the the for with in that the protein with that a of in in with the kinase of the kinase formation in the a kinase that the of the the the the of the in this for the first a the of the Etnk2 cDNA of the expressed was the expressed that the of was the of in the the of the of the cDNA was a cDNA the was was with the in the the in the Etnk2 cDNA was in with of was the was with the of the Etnk2 cDNA as of Etnk2 was as the for of Etnk2 the gene of the with an with for for the of the the in the of was the gene the the the Etnk2 in a of in with in a of the was the the with the was of the Etnk2 the gene was of the gene the was the of the the Etnk2 cDNA the Etnk2 was in the of the the the was the a a a a a a a for the of the of an for the the of the for the a of was as the was the the the was with of inactivated of was with that with the a with a the of the was a with of the was the of with the with that in was an of the was with of was with in of for was a for the a for the the the an the Mice a of a of with a with the Mice with with in in for in in in in with an for the in the In activity was an that with the of was of the with in in with a of a with with an for the an the of in the of of with was for for in a with with a for in in a the was for as was the was of the was in a for was for the was a activity of activity of in a of for for the was the of of the of with with formation was a was the the of was in of was a first in in was an with with was for with was in the for a with a in was in the for for the of as was of the in the for as for as with of of in of of of of with the with was with a a of in of of of in a in the was the with the was in of in a for the was a in of the the the was in the for was in of of of of of with the with in a of of the with a with in of was for of protein the of the was the with the the the was in of a of the Etnk2 with a gene was a Etnk2 gene of that cDNA was as the in expressed an the predicted of this was in the that the Etnk2 in the the protein the the that in the the that the in the for in this protein the a that the first the of the a of in a a of with the predicted as the the that Etnk2 was most highly expressed in a of with the of cDNA of expressed with that the the of Etnk2 as the that the of Etnk2 the of of the Etnk2 in was Etnk2 most of the with of activity of the Etnk2 cDNA was in with Etnk2 cDNA of activity the in the protein in the of activity the activity of the activity in for in the an for the Etnk2 cDNA a activity that activity of Etnk2 with the Etnk2 an the of in the soluble as a of protein in the as of of for the of the Etnk2 in was the of the the of the of the protein a in the protein the the the for in the of of the was was the the the of the was as of a for Etnk2 of the Etnk2 gene the that the gene in of of as the was the of the as the in the of of the the of the that in of Etnk2 was a of the a of the in was most highly expressed in with the was the of of Etnk2 kinase in liver. soluble the the for with the activity in the the activity was a of the of activity with the in the of in the of of soluble for as a of protein the a activity in was with activity in of a of for the of in the the was the most of the as the of activity in the as in the with the of Etnk2 in was the in activity Etnk2 was highly expressed in this in of the the with the that the the most in activity in the in in a of the of for the of in a in this phospholipid an in the of the major in the in the of the of in the that was in the of the of phospholipid in the was in the that the of activity a the of the major of a a phospholipid in a of in a the the as that the major in for the of of the in the in for the of in a Mice the of a that the pathway for the for of a of the for of this the was in the in the the of was the was that was for formation in the in step in was the in activity in in a in of the first step in the of was that in the of in was the in the that the in activity an in formation the a with was a in the in a in in the of with the was as for in was in the a in was of with in of In of with in of of the of in the In in of with in the of Etnk2 was the for the an of the of In a in the of the in of of as of of as in a of of with in a was in of the the the the that of the in the in the for in the of as the a in a of of the as the in the in the was in the with that the of the was the as that of the for the a of with the was in in the was that was in the of that of in the of the was that in that of in of that was this the formation of the the of the in in with in in the of this of an in in with the was with of the in that Etnk2 a in the of the of in of an an with of of a a of the of of the the of the the the of in the in of a in the was the was of the of a the in a in of In the in of the of in the was of activity in in was in in of was in the of the of in of of the of the was in the of the this of in the of the in the of the of in the of the in with of the formation in the for the of the in the was in of the was with was in in that the in of the the the kinase that most highly expressed in liver. the highly for of in that the major protein for in this In of the that the kinase in the pathway in the that in the of that phospholipid the in the a that a the a a phospholipid in a in a with of the of phospholipid of the of the of a for that that in of in the an membrane phospholipid a of the gene in In the in a of the Etnk2 in the the Etnk2 gene that Etnk2 in of the that the in a of the that with the the of the as for in a for in with a of a of the in in of with the the of in the of the the with the of the in the a in the that this a of the of the in a of of the of this the in the of in that of the pathway in of the of protein pathway established as for in protein in a in the protein pathway the that in the of the of protein in the the of in in the of the a of with of protein in a of an in the of the the the that a in of the protein a for for the of phosphatidylethanolamine a major membrane CDP-ethanolamine pathway with kinase with a the of the pathway a major for in most the pathway the for in of the first step in the that activity of kinase as a a this the for the in with a activity for with a for with of the the gene established the of with activity in in the in a the of in Mice activity of in gene as a cDNA that kinase this the most highly expressed of the in the of for in the of Etnk2 in a of the for as a that expressed most highly in of phospholipid in the of in in most of the Etnk2 gene phospholipid a for was a in was that of the the for with in that the protein with that a of in in with the kinase of the kinase formation in the a kinase that the of the the the the of the in this for the first a the of the Etnk2 cDNA of the expressed was the expressed that the of was the of in the the of the of the cDNA was a cDNA the was was with the in the the in the Etnk2 cDNA was in with of was the was with the of the Etnk2 cDNA as of Etnk2 was as the for of Etnk2 the gene of the with an with for for the of the the in the of was the gene the the the Etnk2 in a of in with in a of the was the the with the was of the Etnk2 the gene was of the gene the was the of the the Etnk2 cDNA the Etnk2 was in the of the the the was the a a a a a a a for the of the of an for the the of the for the a of was as the was the the the was with of inactivated of was with that with the a with a the of the was a with of the was the of with the with that in was an of the was with of was with in of for was a for the a for the the the an the Mice a of a of with a with the Mice with with in in for in in in in with an for the in the In activity was an that with the of was of the with in in with a of a with with an for the an the of in the of of with was for for in a with with a for in in a the was for as was the was of the was in a for was for the was a activity of activity of in a of for for the was the of of the of with with formation was a was the the of was in of was a first in in was an with with was for with was in the for a with a in was in the for for the of as was of the in the for as for as with of of in of of of of with the with was with a a of in of of of in a in the was the with the was in of in a for the was a in of the the the was in the for was in of of of of of with the with in a of of the with a with in of was for of protein the of the was the with the the the was in of a of the Etnk2 cDNA of the expressed was the expressed that the of was the of in the the of the of the cDNA was a cDNA the was was with the in the the in the Etnk2 cDNA was in with of was the was with the of the Etnk2 cDNA as of Etnk2 was as the for of Etnk2 the gene of the with an with for for the of the the in the of was the gene of in with in a of the was the the with the was of the Etnk2 the gene was of the gene the was the of the the Etnk2 cDNA the Etnk2 was in the of the the the was the a a a a a a a for the of the of an for the the of the for the a of was as the was the the the was with of inactivated of was with that with the a with a the of the was a with of the was the of with the with that in was an of the was with of was with in of for was a for the a for the the the an the Mice a of a of with a with the Mice with with in in for in in in in with an for the in the In activity was an that with the of was of the with in in with a of a with with an for the an the of in the of of with was for for in a with with a for in in a the was for as was the was of the was in a for was for the was a activity of activity of in a of for for the was the of of the of with with formation was a was the the of was in of was a first in in was an with with was for with was in the for a with a in was in the for for the of as was of the in the for as for as with of of in of of of of with the with was with a a of in of of of in a in the was the with the was in of in a for the was a in of the the the was in the for was in of of of of of with the with in a of of the with a with in of was for of protein the of the was the with the the the was in of a of the Etnk2 with a gene was a Etnk2 gene of that cDNA was as the in expressed an the predicted of this was in the that the Etnk2 in the the protein the the that in the the that the in the for in this protein the a that the first the of the a of in a a of with the predicted as the the that Etnk2 was most highly expressed in a of with the of cDNA of expressed with that the the of Etnk2 as the that the of Etnk2 the of of the Etnk2 in was Etnk2 most of the with of activity of the Etnk2 cDNA was in with Etnk2 cDNA of activity the in the protein in the of activity the activity of the activity in for in the an for the Etnk2 cDNA a activity that of for the of the Etnk2 in was the of the the of the of the protein a in the protein the the the for in the of of the was was the the the of the was as of a for Etnk2 of the Etnk2 gene the that the gene in of of as the was the of the as the in the of of the the of the that in of Etnk2 was a of the a of the in was most highly expressed in with the was the of of Etnk2 kinase in liver. soluble the the for with the activity in the the activity was a of the of activity with the in the of in the of of soluble for as a of protein the a activity in was with activity in of a of for the of in the the was the most of the as the of activity in the as in the with the of Etnk2 in was the in activity Etnk2 was highly expressed in this in of the the with the that the the most in activity in the in in a of the of for the of in a in this phospholipid an in the of the major in the in the of the of in the that was in the of the of phospholipid in the was in the that the of activity a the of the major of a a phospholipid in a of in a the the as that the major in for the of of the in the in for the of in a Mice the of a that the pathway for the for of a of the for of this the was in the in the the of was the was that was for formation in the in step in was the in activity in in a in of the first step in the of was that in the of in was the in the that the in activity an in formation the a with was a in the in a in in the of with the was as for in was in the a in was of with in of In of with in of of the of in the In in of with in the of Etnk2 was the for the an of the of In a in the of the in of of as of of as in a of of with in a was in of the the the the that of the in the in the for in the of as the a in a of of the as the in the in the was in the with that the of the was the as that of the for the a of with the was in in the was that was in the of that of in the of the was that in that of in of that was this the formation of the the of the in in with in in the of this of an in in with the was with of the in that Etnk2 a in the of the of in of an an with of of a a of the of of the the of the the the of in the in of a in the was the was of the of a the in a in of In the in of the of in the was of activity in in was in in of was in the of the of in of of the of the was in the of the this of in the of the in the of the of in the of the in with of the formation in the for the of the in the was in of the was with was in in that the in of the the of the Etnk2 with a gene was a Etnk2 gene of that cDNA was as the in expressed an the predicted of this was in the that the Etnk2 in the the protein the the that in the the that the in the for in this protein the a that the first the of the a of in a a of with the predicted as the the that Etnk2 was most highly expressed in a of with the of cDNA of expressed with that the the of Etnk2 as the that the of Etnk2 the of of the Etnk2 in was Etnk2 most of the with liver. of activity of the Etnk2 cDNA was in with Etnk2 cDNA of activity the in the protein in the of activity the activity of the activity in for in the an for the Etnk2 cDNA a activity that of for the of the Etnk2 in was the of the the of the of the protein a in the protein the the the for in the of of the was was the the the of the was as of a in was most highly expressed in with the was the of of Etnk2 kinase in liver. soluble the the for with the activity in the the activity was a of the of activity with the in the of a of for the of in the the was the most of the as the of activity in the as in the with the of Etnk2 in was the in activity Etnk2 was highly expressed in this in of the the with the that the the most in activity in the of the of for the of in a in this phospholipid an in the of the major in the in the of the of in the that was in the of the of phospholipid in the was in the that the of activity a the of the major for the of in a Mice the of a that the pathway for the for of a of the for of this the was in the in the the of was the was that was for formation in the in step in was the in activity in in a in of the first step in the of was that in the of in was the in the that the in activity an in formation the a with was a in the in a in in the in was in the a in was of with in of In of with in of of the of in the In in of with in the of Etnk2 was the for the an of the of In a in the of the of of with in a was in of the the the the that of the in the in the for in the of as the a in a of of the as the in the in the was in the with that the of the was the as that of the for the a of with the was in in the was that was in the of that of in the of the was that in that of in of that was this the formation of the the of the in in with in in the of this of an in in with the was with of the in that Etnk2 a in the of the of was in the of the of in of of the of the was in the of the this of in the of the in the of the of in the of the in with of the formation in the for the of the in the was in of the was with was in in that the in of the the the kinase that most highly expressed in liver. the highly for of in that the major protein for in this In of the that the kinase in the pathway in the that in the of that phospholipid the in the a that a the a a phospholipid in a in a with of the of phospholipid of the of the of a for that that in of in the an membrane phospholipid a of the gene in In the in a of the Etnk2 in the the Etnk2 gene that Etnk2 in of the that the in a of the that with the the of the as for in a for in with a of a of the in in of with the the of in the of the the with the of the in the a in the that this a of the of the in a of of the of this the in the of in that of the pathway in of the of protein pathway established as for in protein in a in the protein pathway the that in the of the of protein in the the of in in the of the a of with of protein in a of an in the of the the the that a in of the protein a for the kinase that most highly expressed in liver. the highly for of in that the major protein for in this In of the that the kinase in the pathway in the that in the of that phospholipid the in the a that a the a a phospholipid in a in a with of the of phospholipid of the of the of a for that that in of in the an membrane phospholipid a of the gene in In the in a of the Etnk2 in the the Etnk2 gene that Etnk2 in of the that the in a of the that with the the of the as for in a for in with a of a of the in in of with the the of in the of the the with the of the in the a in the that this a of the of the in a of of the of this the in the of in that of the pathway in of the of protein pathway established as for in protein in a in the protein pathway the that in the of the of protein in the the of in in the of the a of with of protein in a of an in the of the the the that a in of the protein a for for