Mutagenic Perylenequinone Metabolites of Alternaria alternata: Altertoxins I, II, and III

Abstract

The mold genus Alternaria is a widely distributed plant pathogen. Some of these species, e.g., A. alternata, are common decay organisms of fruits and vegetables. Two novel perylene oxide metabolites, altertoxins II and III, have been identified in extracts of A. alternata isolates that exhibit mutagenic responses in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay. These identifications were based on mass, optical rotational, and 1H- and 13C-nmr spectral studies. Previous reports of related perylene dione mycotoxins have been clarified.