International Journal of the Addictions · 1983 · 30 citations · 6 references
NursingBehavioral SciencesPsychologyAddiction PsychiatrySubstance Use DisordersSubstance Use PreventionAddictionCareer DevelopmentDrug DependenceOpioid Use DisorderSubstance Abuse PreventionSubstance UseDrug DependencyDrug Use DisorderDrug Use EpidemiologyGroup SubgroupsProblematic Drug UseSubstance Use Epidemiology
This report examines heroin use careers within a sample of 147 Black male heroin addicts and their nonaddicted friends. Based on the extent of their heroin use, subjects were classified into the following subgroups: "light" experimenters, "moderate" experimenters, "heavy" experimenters, and addicts. Our findings indicate that no single career line of pattern characterizes all heroin users. While some users quickly progress from initiation to heroin to regular, intermittent use or "chipping" to daily heroin use and physical dependence, others are deflected at various points along the way. In this report we describe some of the sociobehavioral processes or career contingencies associated with movement from one level of heroin use to the next.
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Narcotic Use in Southeast Asia and Afterward
Lee N. Robins · Archives of General Psychiatry · 1975 · 292 citations
The natural history of "chipping"
Norman E. Zinberg, Richard Jacobson · American Journal of Psychiatry · 1976 · 140 citations
A Pilot Study of Occasional Heroin Users
Douglas H. Powell · Archives of General Psychiatry · 1973 · 71 citations